Regional background and donor-language fluency as predictors of Finnish loanword frequency in Finland-Swedish

Aims and objectives: This study examines fennicisms (i.e., Finnish loanwords calques) in Finland-Swedish, a Swedish variety spoken Finland. We investigate how fennicism frequency relates to speakers’ regional backgrounds fluency Finnish. Methodology: 134 participants from four regions Finland performed picture-naming task designed elicit fennicisms. The also rated their own Data analysis: A regression analysis with the outcome variable of predictors region, Finnish, gender was performed. Findings: Results show that speakers more bilingual Southern Helsinki used significantly than Ostrobothnia or Swedish-speaking Åland. suggests strong predictor for use, as low moderate knowledge fewer high native(-like) fluency. No significant effect found. Originality: While are considered widespread there is little previous research on use distribution. Implications: results demonstrate while many well-established Finland-Swedish variety, limited certain groups communities.